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Pfennig - Berthold IV Windischgrätz
| Issuer | March of Istria-Carniola (Austrian States) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1188-1204 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Full-length frontal figure of the duke standing in the field, depicted in a hieratic, Romanesque style. The right hand holds an upright sword and the left hand bears a lance with pennant or banner. The composition is enclosed within a linear outer border, typical of Austrian ministerial bracteate-style pfennigs of the period. |
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| Reverse description | Stylized architectural motif depicting a castle or fortified structure with two crenellated towers flanking a central section, a star device appearing above the structure in the upper field. The entire design is framed by a double beaded circle, consistent with hammered pfennig coinage of the late 12th to early 13th century in the Carniolan March. |
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| Additional information |
Berthold IV of Windischgrätz held authority over Carniola as a ministerial lord under the Babenberg dukes of Austria — not as an independent prince, which makes his coinage an unusual artifact of delegated minting rights in the eastern Alpine marches. The period 1188–1204 brackets significant disruption, including the chaos following the death of Frederick I Barbarossa in 1190 and the subsequent fragmentation of imperial oversight in the region. Provincial lords routinely exploited such gaps to strike coin on their own authority.
CNA Ch3a is the defining type reference for this issue in Christoph Unger's corpus of Austrian bracteate and pfennig coinage.