Pentonkion

Historical Context: This Pentonkion was issued by the Mamertinoi, Italic mercenaries who seized Messana (Messina) in Sicily. Struck between 211 and 208 BC, this coinage dates to the critical Second Punic War, specifically during Rome's consolidation of power in Sicily following Syracuse's fall in 212 BC. The Mamertinoi, though Roman allies, faced increasing challenges to their autonomy. This bronze denomination reflects their persistent local identity and served as essential small change for daily commerce.

Artistry: While engravers are anonymous, this Pentonkion exemplifies the Hellenistic numismatic tradition common in Sicily, infused with local Mamertine characteristics. Bronze issues frequently depict martial themes or local deities. A typical design for this period features a helmeted head, often Ares or a local hero, on the obverse, rendered with robust features. The reverse commonly displays an eagle or other symbolic animal, reflecting civic pride or religious veneration.

Technical/Grading: This bronze Pentonkion, weighing 4.16 grams and 18 millimeters, exhibits a typical fabric for Mamertine small bronze coinage. High-points for wear include the helmet crest and facial features on the obverse, and the eagle's breast and wing tips on the reverse. Strike quality varies; issues often present with off-centering, minor flan irregularities, and moderate die wear. Collectors should assess central device sharpness and overall preservation for optimal grading.