Catalog
| Issuer | York, Viking Kingdom of |
|---|---|
| Year | 919-921 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
| Value | 1 Penny (1⁄240) |
| Currency | Pound |
| Composition | Silver |
| Weight | 1.08 g |
| Diameter | |
| Thickness | |
| Shape | Round (irregular) |
| Technique | Hammered |
| Orientation | Variable alignment ↺ |
| Engraver(s) | |
| In circulation to | |
| Reference(s) | Sp#1010, North#531 |
| Obverse description | Open hand pointing downward, in beaded inner circle. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
| Obverse lettering |
+ RACNOLT (Translation: Regnald.) |
| Reverse description | Karolus monogram in beaded inner circle. |
| Reverse script | Latin |
| Reverse lettering |
EIARICECT (Translation: City of York.) |
| Edge | |
| Mint | |
| Mintage |
ND (919-921) - - |
| Numisquare ID | 1684949580 |
| Additional information |
Historical Context: The Penny of Regnald represents a pivotal moment in early 10th-century Anglo-Scandinavian history, marking the brief but significant reign of Ragnall ua Ímair (Regnald I) as King of York (Jórvík) from 919 to 921. A prominent Norse-Gaelic leader, Regnald established a powerful Viking kingdom in Northumbria, challenging Anglo-Saxon hegemony. His coinage reflects the consolidation of Norse power, preceding eventual English reconquest, and serves as a crucial numismatic testament to independent Viking rule.
Artistry: The design of Regnald's penny typically falls within the Anglo-Scandinavian stylistic tradition. While engravers remain anonymous, dies often exhibit a distinctive, rustic yet vigorous aesthetic. Common designs feature a central cross pattee on the obverse, encircled by REGNALD REX. The reverse usually displays a cross or monogram, often accompanied by the mint signature EFORWIC (York) or a moneyer's name. Lettering, though irregular, is bold and legible, reflecting local minting practices.
Technical/Grading: This silver penny, weighing 1.08 grams, frequently exhibits characteristics typical of early medieval coinage. High-points for grading include central cross elements and the crispness of surrounding legends. Technical strike qualities often vary, with issues commonly struck on irregularly shaped flans and exhibiting off-centeredness. Weakness in strike, particularly towards the periphery, and occasional double-striking are not uncommon. Despite limitations, the silver content is generally high, ensuring good preservation when well-struck.