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Penny - Edward Expanding Cross type, heavy issue
| Issuer | England |
|---|---|
| Year | 1050-1053 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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|---|---|
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| Reverse description | A short expanding cross pattée occupies the central field, its four arms splaying outward from a central boss and enclosed within a plain inner circle. The angles between the arms of the cross are plain. A Latin legend incorporating the moneyer's name and mint is arranged around the circumference between the inner beaded circle and the outer border, separated by groups of pellets or letters typical of Anglo-Saxon penny epigraphy. |
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| Edge | Plain |
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| Additional information |
The Expanding Cross coinage was introduced under Edward the Confessor as part of a systematic renewal cycle in which all dies were periodically recalled and replaced — a mechanism of royal control over minting that also allowed the Crown to profit from recoinage fees. The "heavy issue" designation reflects a brief return to a higher weight standard, reversed within a few years as the cycle continued.
Production was distributed across dozens of minting towns, each using locally cut dies supplied from a central pattern. Die-cutting quality varied considerably between moneyers.