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Penny - Civil War Ornamented group, King Stephen
| Issuer | England |
|---|---|
| Year | 1140-1149 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | Log in to see details |
| Currency | Log in to see details |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | 1.08 g |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | Log in to see details |
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| Technique | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
| Obverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Reverse description | Log in to see details |
| Reverse script | Latin |
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| Edge | Log in to see details |
| Mint | Log in to see details |
| Mintage | Log in to see details |
| Additional information |
Stephen's reign produced some of the most chaotic conditions in English minting history. The civil war against Empress Matilda — the period known as "The Anarchy" — effectively collapsed central control of the coin dies, allowing regional moneyers and baronial mints to operate with minimal royal oversight. The Ornamented group reflects this fragmentation: struck across multiple unofficial or semi-official centers, the issues show marked inconsistency in die cutting and metal quality that no centralized mint would have tolerated.
North 918 places this type within a broader sequence that numismatists have spent decades untangling, largely because so few hoards from this period offer clean stratigraphic evidence for precise dating within the decade.