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Penny - Civil War North-East and Scottish Border Variants

Issuer England
Year 1138-1153
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Shape Round (irregular)
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Reverse description A cross moline occupies the centre of the reverse, with a fleur-de-lis (lis) placed in each of the four angles formed by the arms of the cross, a design typical of Stephen-era penny reverses. The cross and lis motifs are rendered in a crude, provincial style consistent with the debased die-cutting of the Civil War period. A circular legend surrounds the design, partially legible and referencing the moneyer's name, with the flan showing the characteristic irregular clipping of hammered coinage. The overall composition, while following the standard Watford-type format, exhibits the characteristic debasement of North-East and Scottish Border minting.
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Reverse lettering [—]BALD [—]RD
Edge Plain
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