Paisa - Shivaji Satara mint

Issuer	Maratha Empire
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Technique	Hammered
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Obverse description	Crude hammered copper flan bearing a Devanagari legend arranged in two horizontal lines across the field, reading 'श्री राजा शिव' (Shri Raja Shiv), in reference to Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. The characters are boldly struck with characteristic irregularity typical of Maratha hammered coinage. The legend is divided by a central horizontal bar, giving the inscription a grid-like appearance. The flan edges are irregular, consistent with hand-cut planchets of the period. No figural devices are present; the design is entirely epigraphic in nature.
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Obverse lettering	श्री राजा शिव
Reverse description	The reverse displays a single Devanagari inscription reading 'छत्रपति' (Chhatrapati, meaning 'Lord of the Umbrella,' a royal title), struck in bold, somewhat crude characters across the field. The legend is accompanied by small pellet ornaments or dot devices scattered in the field, a common decorative feature of Maratha copper coinage. The strike is uneven, with portions of the legend weakly impressed due to the irregular planchet surface. The field shows natural granular copper texture with moderate die wear. The overall style is consistent with the hammered coinage of the Satara mint under Maratha authority.
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