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Nummus - Constantinus I as Caesar MARTI PATRI CONSERVATORI, S-A, Treveri

Issuer Roman Imperial Mint
Year 307
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Shape Round (irregular)
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Obverse script Latin
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Reverse description Standing figure of Mars, nude save for a chlamys draped over his shoulders, depicted facing left or frontally. The god holds a transverse spear in his right hand and a round shield in his left, embodying his role as divine protector of the state. Officina letters are placed across the fields to either side of the figure, while the mintmark appears in the exergue. The reverse legend, divided across the field, acclaims Mars as father and protector of the fatherland, reflecting the Tetrarchic theological program of divine patronage.
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In 307 AD, Constantine held the rank of Caesar under his father Maximian's renewed authority — a deliberately ambiguous position engineered during the political chaos following Severus II's failed campaign against Maxentius. This issue from Trier, the principal western mint, reflects that transitional moment before Constantine consolidated sole rule. The MARTI PATRI CONSERVATORI reverse type was a calculated choice, invoking Mars as protector at a time when Constantine's legitimacy rested almost entirely on military backing rather than formal dynastic right.

The S-A officina mark places production in the first workshop at Trier. RIC VI 730 is among the heavier surviving folles from this series, before the post-307 weight reductions began in earnest.

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