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Manghir - Bayezid II Constantinople, circular titulature
| Issuer | Ottoman Empire |
|---|---|
| Year | 1498 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | 1.5 g |
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| Obverse description | Hammered copper flan of irregular outline bearing the sultanic titulature arranged in a circular legend in Arabic script, reading continuously around the field. A small star or pellet device occupies the central field, serving as the focal point of the design. The lettering is rendered in a compressed, angular style typical of late 15th-century Ottoman copper coinage. The overall composition is characteristic of the mangir denomination, with the circular arrangement of the sultan's name and titles distinguishing this type from the linear format found on later issues. |
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| Reverse script | Arabic |
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| Additional information |
Bayezid II's copper manghirs occupy an awkward place in Ottoman monetary history — formally sanctioned but chronically debased in practice, with private mints operating semi-legally throughout his reign. The Constantinople issues are distinguished by their circular titulature arrangement, a layout specific to certain dies from this mint that collectors use to separate them from the far more common squared or linear legend types.
Bayezid's 1481 accession triggered immediate civil war with his brother Cem, a conflict that drained the treasury and almost certainly pressured mint output toward the cheaper copper end of the coinage spectrum.