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Light Denier - Anonymous
| Issuer | Holy Roman Empire |
|---|---|
| Year | 1160 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Central cross pattée enclosed within a quatrefoil arch, the four lobes of which are defined by curved interlocking arcs. Each quadrant formed by the quatrefoil contains a small pellet or geometric ornament. At the cardinal points outside the quatrefoil, additional geometric motifs — including triangular and cross-shaped elements — project outward toward the irregular coin edge. The overall composition is strictly geometric and anonymous, with no legible inscription or effigy, executed in the robust, flat-relief style characteristic of mid-twelfth-century German hammered bracteate-related coinage. |
|---|---|
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| Mintage | 1160: ND (1160) |
| Additional information |
Anonymous deniers of this type were struck in the middle Rhine region during the prolonged vacuum of imperial minting authority that followed the conflicts between Frederick Barbarossa and the German ecclesiastical princes. Without a named issuing authority, attribution has historically depended on hoard evidence and die-linkage studies — Cahn's classification remains the foundational work, though Lebek's later corpus refined the regional groupings considerably. The "light" designation reflects a deliberate weight reduction from earlier Rhenish standards, not debasement.