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Karshapana Punchmarked

Issuer Eran-Vidisha region
Year 200 BC - 100 BC
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Value 1 Karshapana
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Obverse description Irregular square flan bearing punchmarked devices including an Indra-dhvaja (standard of Indra) symbol prominently struck in the field, accompanied by a Brahmi legend reading 'Kuraraya'. The punchmarks are applied with characteristic irregularity typical of early Indian copper coinage of the Eran-Vidisha region. The surface is heavily granular and oxidized, consistent with cast or hammered copper fabric of the period.
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Obverse lettering 𑀓𑀼𑀭𑀭𑀬 (Kuraraya)
Reverse description Plain or minimally marked reverse bearing a punchmarked taurine symbol (bull's head device) set within an open semicircle, applied directly onto the rough copper flan. The reverse surface is coarsely textured with a granular, pitted fabric typical of early cast copper punchmarked issues from the Eran-Vidisha region. The device placement is characteristic of regional autonomous copper coinage of the late Mauryan and post-Mauryan transitional period.
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