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Jou - temp. Kublai Khan

Issuer Great Mongol Empire
Year 1260
Type Standard circulation coin
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Obverse description Arabic legend disposed around a central raised circle, citing the Qa'an Möngke with the epithet al-'Adil ('the Just Khan'). The inscription is rendered in a somewhat cursive hand characteristic of Mongol-era bronze coinage, enclosed within a linear border. The field between the inner circle and the outer rim carries the full honorific legend. The flan is irregular in outline, typical of hammered production from this period.
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Reverse description The Arabic word 'Jou' (جو), denoting the denomination, occupies the central field within a raised circular border. The mint name is inscribed in the surrounding marginal legend, distributed around the inner circle. The lettering is executed in a bold, somewhat angular hand consistent with Mongol-period copper coinage. The coin exhibits the characteristic irregular flan edge and uneven surface relief of hammered bronze issues.
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Additional information

Kublai Khan's early coinage from around 1260 coincides with the moment he seized the Great Khanate in open defiance of the kurultai process, sparking a civil war against his brother Ariq Böke that would consume four years. These small bronzes circulated across a monetary system in profound transition — Kublai was simultaneously pushing paper currency (jiaochao) as the dominant medium, making issues like this one peripheral almost from inception.

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