Catalog
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| Issuer | Khwarazmian Empire (Khwarazmian dynasties) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1200-1220 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Diameter | Log in to see details |
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| Shape | Round (irregular) |
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| In circulation to | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Arabic/Devanagari |
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| Mint | Qunduz |
| Mintage | Log in to see details |
| Additional information |
The Khwarazmian Empire's jitals occupy an awkward numismatic category — struck in billon at a time when Muhammad II was aggressively expanding from Transoxiana into Persia and Afghanistan, absorbing mint cities faster than he could standardize their output. Qunduz, situated in what is now northern Afghanistan, sat on trade routes linking the steppe to the subcontinent, and its coinage reflects a deliberate policy of continuity: the Rajput horseman type was retained from pre-Khwarazmian Gandharan traditions to maintain commercial familiarity in newly conquered territory.
Muhammad II's reign ended catastrophically with the Mongol invasion of 1219–1221, making the upper date of this issue essentially the terminal point of the mint's Khwarazmian output.