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Jital - 'Ala al-din Muhammad Rajput horseman right; Qunduz

Issuer Khwarazmian Empire (Khwarazmian dynasties)
Year 1200-1220
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Shape Round (irregular)
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Obverse script Arabic/Devanagari
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Mint Qunduz
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Additional information

The Khwarazmian Empire's jitals occupy an awkward numismatic category — struck in billon at a time when Muhammad II was aggressively expanding from Transoxiana into Persia and Afghanistan, absorbing mint cities faster than he could standardize their output. Qunduz, situated in what is now northern Afghanistan, sat on trade routes linking the steppe to the subcontinent, and its coinage reflects a deliberate policy of continuity: the Rajput horseman type was retained from pre-Khwarazmian Gandharan traditions to maintain commercial familiarity in newly conquered territory.

Muhammad II's reign ended catastrophically with the Mongol invasion of 1219–1221, making the upper date of this issue essentially the terminal point of the mint's Khwarazmian output.

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