Grosso of 10 Denari
| Issuer | Parma, City of |
|---|---|
| Year | 1248-1322 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
| Value | Grosso of 10 denari (1⁄24) |
| Currency | Lira |
| Composition | Silver |
| Weight | 2.1 g |
| Diameter | 20 mm |
| Thickness | |
| Shape | Round (irregular) |
| Technique | Hammered |
| Orientation | Variable alignment ↺ |
| Engraver(s) | |
| In circulation to | |
| Reference(s) | MIR#904 , Biaggi#1788 |
| Obverse description | Short cross pattée with alternating stars and pellets in the angles, within reeded inner circle. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
| Obverse lettering |
ஃ DE PARMA ஃ (Translation: ... of Parma) |
| Reverse description | Nimbate, mitered and enthroned Saint Hilary, holding crozier in left hand, right hand raised in blessing. |
| Reverse script | Latin |
| Reverse lettering |
* * S * YLARIVS (Translation: Saint Hilary) |
| Edge | |
| Mint | |
| Mintage |
ND (1248-1322) - - |
| Numisquare ID | 2163055960 |
| Additional information |
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Historical Context: Parma, a prominent northern Italian commune, issued this Grosso of 10 Denari between 1248 and 1322, a period marked by intense political dynamism. Strategically positioned, Parma frequently navigated the complex interplay between Guelph and Ghibelline factions, experiencing internal power struggles among noble families. The widespread use of the grosso denomination during this era underscored the growing economic sophistication and commercial vitality of Italian city-states, serving as a crucial medium for trade and taxation amidst evolving communal governance.
Artistry: The artistry of this Grosso, lacking a named engraver typical of medieval communal coinage, reflects the prevailing stylistic trends of early Gothic numismatics in northern Italy. The obverse typically features a prominent cross, a ubiquitous Christian symbol, often within a beaded border. The reverse commonly depicts Sant'Ilario (St. Hilary), Parma's patron saint, rendered in a stylized, hieratic manner characteristic of the period, emphasizing symbolic representation over naturalistic detail. The overall design prioritizes clarity and legibility of civic and religious identity.
Technical/Grading: Technically, this silver grosso, weighing 2.1 grams and measuring 20 millimeters, exhibits characteristics common to medieval minting. High-points for grading include the central elements of the cross and the facial features or attributes of Sant'Ilario. Strike quality can vary significantly, with instances of weak strikes, particularly on peripheral legends, and occasional off-centering. Planchet irregularities, such as minor cracks or uneven thickness, are also frequently observed, reflecting the manual production methods of the era.