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Groschen Tournois - Robert
| Issuer | Bar |
|---|---|
| Year | 1365-1411 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Central field features a plain cross pattée within an inner beaded circle. An intermediate annular band bears a series of outward-pointing fleurs-de-lis or Gothic ornamental devices alternating with small crosses, bounded by a second beaded circle. A double concentric legend in Latin occupies the outer ring, separated from the decorative band by a plain raised rim. The overall design follows the Tournois gros typology, with its characteristic layered arrangement of cross, ornamental border, and double inscription. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Central device depicts a stylised Tours-type castle (châtel tournois) with towers and crenellations, shown in a schematic Gothic manner. The castle is enclosed within an inner beaded circle, outside of which runs a decorative border composed of twelve lilies, each set within a small circle, forming a continuous ring. A single-line Latin legend encircles the composition between the lilly border and the outer raised rim. The reverse design closely follows the standard gros tournois prototype established under the French royal coinage. |
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| Additional information |
Bar was a duchy caught perpetually between French and Imperial ambitions, and its coinage reflects that tension directly. The Groschen Tournois struck under Robert I was an explicit imitation of the French royal gros tournois — a deliberate monetary strategy by a border lordship that needed its coins accepted on both sides of a politically volatile frontier.
Robert I ruled Bar from 1352 until his death in 1411, navigating the chaos of the Hundred Years' War and the Schism while maintaining enough autonomy to issue silver of consistent type across nearly six decades.