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Falus - Aurangzeb Ujjain mint

Issuer Mughal Empire
Year 1658-1707
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Currency Rupee (1540-1842)
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Reverse description Irregular rectangular copper flan with a two-line Persian legend in Nasta'liq script occupying the central field. The upper line records the mint name Ujjain with the epithet Dar al-Fath (Abode of Victory), while the lower line refers to the auspicious reign. The strike is typical of Mughal hammered copper issues, with uneven pressure resulting in partially flat areas and a rough, unfinished flan edge consistent with the Ujjain mint's falus production during Aurangzeb's reign.
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Additional information

Aurangzeb's nearly fifty-year reign produced copper falus across a sprawling network of provincial mints, but the Ujjain issues occupy a specific place in that system — Ujjain had long functioned as a commercial and pilgrimage center in Malwa, and its mint output served local market exchange that silver rupees were too valuable to handle practically. The KM#300.1 designation covers a broad span, and die varieties within this type are numerous enough that attribution to specific regnal years requires careful reading of the mint name and any visible couplet fragments.

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