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Fals square cartouche

Issuer Samarqand, City of
Year 1494-1496
Type Standard circulation coin
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Obverse description Central field dominated by a square cartouche containing Arabic script legend in bold relief. Above the cartouche, a pronounced arched band is surmounted by a row of raised pellets arranged in a decorative register. The design is executed in the characteristic Central Asian Timurid hammered style, with angular and flowing letterforms characteristic of late 15th-century Samarqand coinage. The flan is irregular and slightly ragged at the edges, consistent with hand-struck copper coinage of the period.
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Reverse description Reverse field bears a multi-line Arabic inscription in bold raised relief, partially obscured by die wear and uneven striking. The legends are arranged within an informal layout without a formal cartouche border, surrounded by scattered pellet ornaments in the field. The surface shows characteristic roughness and patination of circulated hammered copper, with areas of green cuprite deposit visible. The script style is consistent with Timurid chancery Arabic lettering of the late 15th century.
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