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Espadim or 1/2 Justo- João II
| Issuer | Kingdom of Portugal |
|---|---|
| Year | 1489-1495 |
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| Orientation | Variable alignment ↺ |
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| Obverse description | Central field bears the crowned Portuguese royal arms — a shield displaying five escutcheons in cross formation, each charged with five bezants, and a bordure of castles — set within a plain inner circle. A royal crown surmounts the shield, flanked on either side by a small circular pellet serving as a mint mark. The surrounding circular legend in Latin reads: + IHNS : II : R . P . ET . ALG DNSO : GVINEE, identifying João II as King of Portugal and the Algarves and Lord of Guinea. The entire design is executed in the bold, somewhat irregular style characteristic of late 15th-century Portuguese hammered gold coinage. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
| Obverse lettering | + IHNS : II : R . P . ET . ALG DNSO : GVINEE |
| Reverse description | Central field depicts a long-bladed sword — the espadim — positioned vertically, its point downward, with an armillary sphere overlying the blade, symbolising Portuguese maritime exploration and the personal device of João II. The hilt is rendered in fine detail at the top of the composition. A circular legend in Latin surrounds the central device, reading: + IHNS : II : R . P : ET ALG : DNSO GVI L, the terminal letter L denoting the Lisbon mint. The composition is characteristic of the innovative iconographic programme introduced under João II, combining heraldic and navigational imagery on a hammered gold flan. |
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