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Dupondius - Trajan S P Q R OPTIMO PRINCIPI S C, Salus
| Issuer | Roman Imperial Mint |
|---|---|
| Year | 103-111 |
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| Orientation | Coin alignment ↑↓ |
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| Obverse lettering | IMP CAES NERVAE TRAIANO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS V P P (Translation: Imperator, Caesar, Nervae Traiano Augustus, Germanicus, Dacicus, Pontifex Maximus, Tribunicia Potestate, Consul Quintum, Pater Patriae. Supreme commander (Imperator), Caesar, of Nerva Trajan, emperor (Augustus), conqueror of the Germans, conqueror of the Dacians, high priest, holder of tribunician power, consul for the fifth time, father of the nation.) |
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| Reverse script | Latin |
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| Additional information |
Trajan's "Optimus Princeps" title — formally voted by the Senate around 114 AD, though used informally earlier — was unprecedented. No emperor before him had been designated the best of all rulers by that body in such explicit terms, and the phrase saturated his bronze coinage precisely because dupondii and sestertii were the denominations Romans handled daily. The SPQR formula on this type deliberately credits the Senate and people, not the emperor's treasury, for the issue — a carefully maintained fiction of Republican shared governance.