Drachm
| Issuer | Naxos (Sicily) |
|---|---|
| Year | 461 BC - 430 BC |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
| Value | Drachm (5) |
| Currency | Litra |
| Composition | Silver |
| Weight | 4.30 g |
| Diameter | 18.5 mm |
| Thickness | |
| Shape | Round (irregular) |
| Technique | Hammered |
| Orientation | Variable alignment ↺ |
| Engraver(s) | |
| In circulation to | |
| Reference(s) | Cahn Nax#55, SNG Lockett#841, Jameson#674, HGC 2#990, SNG Lloyd#1151, Weber#1467, AMB Basel#385, McClean#2467, De Luynes#1063 |
| Obverse description | Bearded head of Dionysos to right, wearing ivy wreath and with his hair tied in a krobylos at the back. Border of dots cut through by the beard, the krobylos and the wreath tips. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | |
| Obverse lettering | |
| Reverse description | Nude and bearded Silenos squatting, facing but turning his head and upper body to the left towards the two-handled, stemless drinking cup he holds in his right hand, and resting his left hand on his left knee, turned forward, his animal tail curled out on the ground behind him. |
| Reverse script | Greek |
| Reverse lettering | ΝΑΧ ΙΟΝ |
| Edge | |
| Mint | |
| Mintage |
ND (461 BC - 430 BC) - - |
| Numisquare ID | 1769316430 |
| Additional information |
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Historical Context: This silver drachm originates from Naxos, the oldest Greek colony in Sicily, during a period of significant artistic and political flourishing between 461 and 430 BC. Following the expulsion of tyrants and the defeat of the Persians, Sicilian cities experienced a golden age of democracy and cultural output. Naxos, renowned for its viticulture, frequently featured Dionysus, the god of wine, on its coinage, symbolizing its economic and cultural identity. This era represents a peak in the city’s numismatic artistry and influence in the wider Hellenic world.
Artistry: The design of this drachm exemplifies the Early to High Classical style prevalent among Sicilian master engravers. The obverse typically features a dignified head of Dionysus, often crowned with an ivy wreath, rendered with remarkable naturalism and serene expression. The reverse commonly depicts a squatting or kneeling Silenus, a robust, satyr-like figure, sometimes holding a kantharos. This iconic imagery is deeply rooted in Naxian mythology and agricultural prosperity, showcasing the city's sophisticated artistic tradition and the skill of its die-engravers.
Technical/Grading: Struck in silver, weighing 4.30 grams and measuring 18.5 mm, this drachm adheres to the standard specifications for its denomination. Key high-points for wear or strike quality include the intricate details of Dionysus's hair and ivy wreath, his facial features, and the musculature and expression of Silenus on the reverse. A well-struck example will exhibit full detail on both sides, with good centering and minimal die wear. The original planchet quality and subsequent preservation, including any attractive cabinet toning, are crucial factors in assessing its overall technical merit and grade.