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Double Tournois - Philip IV 1st type
| Issuer | France |
|---|---|
| Year | 1295-1303 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Central cross pattee with arms extending nearly to the inner circle, the first canton (upper left) charged with a fleur-de-lis. The surrounding circular legend in Latin reads + PhILIPPVS REX, identifying Philip IV as king. The lettering is executed in Gothic characters typical of late 13th-century Capetian coinage. The field is plain and the flan is irregular, consistent with hammered production of the period. |
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| Reverse description | The Chatel Tournois depicted at center, a stylized castle with a crenellated tower surmounted by a cross finial and flanked by two fleurs-de-lis in the field to either side. The base of the tower features two annulets (ringlets), a diagnostic detail of this first type. The circular Latin legend + mOn DVPLEX REGAL surrounds the central device, denoting this as a royal double coinage. The overall design follows the established Tournois typology derived from the coins of Tours. |
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| Additional information |
Philip IV's aggressive monetary manipulation is essential background here. His reign saw repeated debasements and revaluations as he sought revenue for wars against Flanders and eventually England, and the billon composition of this piece reflects a treasury under sustained fiscal pressure. The tournois series itself originated at Tours under Capetian royal adoption, having been a comital coinage before the crown absorbed it.
Duplessy 229 places this as the first of Philip's double tournois types, superseded as debasement continued through his reign.