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Dirham 'Ornamental type' - anepigraphic Bulghar mint

Issuer Golden Horde
Year 1280-1310
Type Standard circulation coin
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Obverse description Central field features a stylized tamga symbol — a composite dynastic emblem consisting of a square base surmounted by a rising stem and a circular element — positioned within a beaded or raised inner circle. The entire device is enclosed within a second outer circular border, creating a concentric frame around the central motif. The coin is anepigraphic, bearing no inscriptions or legends. The flan is irregular and slightly ragged at the edges, typical of hammered silver production of the Golden Horde period.
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Reverse description Central field displays a three-petalled floral or trefoil motif rendered in a geometric-stylized manner, enclosed within a triangular frame with rounded terminals. Three additional curvilinear floral or scroll ornaments radiate outward between and around the outer points of the central device, filling the field in a symmetrical arrangement. The overall composition is purely ornamental and anepigraphic, consistent with the decorative typology of anonymous Golden Horde dirhams attributed to the Bulghar mint. The irregular flan and variable strike are characteristic of hammered coinage of this series.
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