Dirham - Jalal al-Din Muhammad Kasan mint

Historical Context: This substantial billon dirham was issued during the reign of Jalal al-Din Muhammad, a Qarakhanid ruler, from the Kasan mint in 1182-1183 CE (AH 578-579). The Qarakhanid Khanate, a powerful Turkic dynasty in Central Asia, faced fragmentation and external pressures. The issuance of large billon coinage, rather than pure silver, reflects the complex economic landscape and regional autonomy prevalent in the later Qarakhanid era, with Kasan representing a significant local center of power.

Artistry: Characteristic of Qarakhanid numismatic art, this dirham's design is predominantly epigraphic, featuring robust Arabic calligraphy. While no specific engraver is recorded, the stylistic school emphasizes bold Kufic or Naskh script for the central religious declarations (Kalima) and the ruler's extensive titles. The considerable 35.3 mm flan allowed for comprehensive legends, often arranged in concentric circles. Decorative elements are typically minimal, with the power and legibility of the text serving as the primary artistic expression.

Technical/Grading: Struck on a broad, relatively thin billon planchet (5.13 gg, 35.3 mm), this coin's technical qualities are crucial. High-points for grading include the clarity and completeness of the central inscription and the surrounding marginal legends, especially the mint and date. Due to the billon composition, strikes can vary; a well-preserved example exhibits full, clear legends across the entire flan, with minimal areas of weakness or flatness, particularly on outer text and letterform tops, which are often susceptible to incomplete striking or wear.