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Dirham - Hisham II Second reign 1010-1013, al-Andalus
| Issuer | Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba (Córdoba, Al-Andalus and Ceuta) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1010-1012 |
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| Currency | Dinar (929-1031) |
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| Obverse description | Central field contains three horizontal lines of Arabic Kufic inscription arranged within a double linear circle, with the shahada and mint formula occupying the inner area. The marginal legend runs continuously around the outer annulus, separated from the central field by a plain raised ring. The die is struck on an irregularly shaped flan typical of Andalusi hammered coinage, with slightly uneven surfaces and natural flan irregularities at the edges. The epigraphy is executed in angular Kufic script characteristic of late Umayyad Córdoban mint production. The name of the mint (al-Andalus) and the Hijri year of issue are incorporated into the central inscription. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Arabic |
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| Reverse description | Central field displays three horizontal registers of Arabic Kufic inscription within a double linear circle, containing the name and titles of Caliph Hisham II along with the Quranic verse from Surat al-Tawba (9:33). The marginal legend encircles the field within the outer annulus, continuing the Prophetic declaration. The Kufic lettering is characteristic of the late Córdoban Umayyad style, with relatively dense but legible letterforms. The flan is irregularly round, as is typical of hammered dirhams of al-Andalus from this period, with slight die shift visible. The overall composition follows the standard Andalusi dirham format established under Abd al-Rahman III, with no figural imagery. |
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