Catalog
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| Issuer | Golden Horde |
|---|---|
| Year | 1386-1390 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Technique | Hammered |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | The reverse bears a multi-line Arabic inscription enclosed within a square cartouche, a layout characteristic of Golden Horde mint types of this period. Decorative elements including a prominent crescent motif and dot ornaments are visible in the field surrounding the central square, serving as space fillers consistent with Qrim (Crimea) mint issues. The legend identifies the place of striking. The overall die workmanship is typical of provincial Golden Horde hammered silver production of the late 14th century. |
| Reverse script | Arabic |
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| Edge | Log in to see details |
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| Additional information |
Toqtamysh briefly reunified the fractured Golden Horde in the 1380s after decades of internecine collapse, and his Crimean mint at Qrim was among the regional striking centers pressed into service to support that ambition. The timing of this issue sits squarely between his two catastrophic confrontations with Timur — the 1387 campaign and the decisive 1391 defeat at the Kondurcha River — which effectively ended any prospect of a durable Jochid revival.
Crimean-mint dangs of Toqtamysh circulated across the northern Black Sea trade networks and are occasionally recovered in hoards alongside Italian and Byzantine commercial silver, a reflection of the Horde's deep entanglement with Genoese Caffa.