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Dirham - Anonymous Tawwaj
| Issuer | Umayyad Caliphate |
|---|---|
| Year | 698-750 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | Log in to see details |
| Currency | Log in to see details |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | 2.91 g |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
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| Technique | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
| Obverse lettering | لا إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له بسم الله ضرب هذا الدرهم بـ توج محمد رسول الله أرسله بالهدى ودين الحق ليظهره على الدين كله ولو كره المشركون |
| Reverse description | Central field contains a four-line Arabic inscription in kufic script citing Surah Al-Ikhlas (112:1–4), affirming the absolute unity and eternity of God, enclosed within an inner circle. The surrounding marginal band carries the Quranic missionary verse from Surah At-Tawba (9:33), also rendered in kufic script. The flan is irregularly shaped and somewhat uneven, consistent with hand-hammered Umayyad silver dirhams of the early eighth century. Small annulets are visible along the outer rim, mirroring the obverse design convention. The overall composition is purely epigraphic, with no decorative or figurative elements. |
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| Additional information |
Tawwaj — the mint city known in ancient sources as Taoke and identified with a site in Fars province, southwestern Iran — was an active silver-producing center under Sasanian administration before the Arab conquest. The Umayyad governors retained existing mint infrastructure across conquered territories rather than building from scratch, which is why provincial issues like this one bear no caliph's name. Anonymous attribution was the norm for many eastern mints through much of this period.