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Dirham - al-Muzzaffar Qutuz al-Qahira mint

Issuer Mamluk Sultanate
Year 1259-1260
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Currency Dinar (1250-1517)
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Obverse description Central field occupied by a multi-line Arabic legend in angular Kufic-style script, arranged in three horizontal bands separated by ruled lines. The inscription names the sultan al-Malik al-Muzaffar Sayf al-Din Qutuz. The field is framed by a rectangular border composed of a dotted inner line, with a further dotted outer marginal legend. The flan is irregular and slightly clipped at the edges, characteristic of Mamluk hammered silver coinage of the mid-13th century.
Obverse script Arabic
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Reverse description Central field bearing a multi-line Arabic legend in angular script, arranged in horizontal registers separated by ruled lines. The primary inscription contains the Shahada (Islamic profession of faith) and a Quranic phrase from Sura 9:33 attesting to the divine mission of the Prophet Muhammad. A secondary marginal legend runs along the upper and outer borders, partially visible due to the irregular flan. The border is defined by dotted lines framing the rectangular central panel, consistent with standard Mamluk dirham typology of the period.
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