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Dirham - al-Hakam II al-Andalus

Issuer Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba
Year 976
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Reference(s) Vives arab#496
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Obverse script Arabic
Obverse lettering لا الـه لا الله وحــــده لا شريك له بسم الله ضرب هذا الدرهم بالاندلس سنة خمس وستين وثلثمئة
(Translation: There is no God but God alone, He has no partner; in the name of God, this dirham was struck in al-Andalus in the year three hundred and sixty-five)
Reverse description Central field bears four horizontal lines of Kufic Arabic legend within a plain inner circle, surrounded by a marginal Kufic legend. The inscriptions name the caliph as 'al-Hakam, Commander of the Faithful, al-Mustansir billah,' and include the Quranic verse from Sura 9:33 affirming the mission of the Prophet Muhammad. The reverse layout follows the standard tripartite Umayyad format with the ruler's titles and Quranic citation arranged in stacked Kufic script, framed by a beaded or dotted border, consistent with Andalusian Umayyad dirhams of the mid-fourth century AH.
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