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Dirham - Ahmad ibn 'Ali Ordu
| Issuer | Qarakhanid dynasty › United Qarakhanid Khaganate (840-1041) |
|---|---|
| Year | 395 (1005) |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Reverse description | The central field is occupied by the Shahada in Kufic script across two lines reading 'Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah,' flanked by the honorific titles and name of the issuing ruler: al-Qadir billah, Nasir al-Haqq, Ahmad ibn Ali Qarakhan (Qaghan). The Abbasid caliph's laqab appears prominently, affirming nominal suzerainty. The marginal legend contains the Qur'anic verse 9:33: 'He it is Who sent His Messenger with guidance and the religion of truth, that He might make it prevail over all religions, even though the polytheists are averse.' The overall layout follows the classic Abbasid dirham typology adapted for Qarakhanid usage. |
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| Reverse lettering | لله محمد رسول الله القادر بالله ناصرالحق احمد بن علی قراخا قان محمد رسول الله ارسله بالهدی و دین الحق لیظهره علی الدین کله و لو کره المشرکون |
| Edge | Plain |
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