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Denier - Stephen V and emperor Guy of Spoleto
| Issuer | Papal States |
|---|---|
| Year | 891 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Diameter | 22.10 mm |
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| Obverse description | Central field dominated by a bold cross pattée inscribed within a plain inner circle, dividing the field into four quarters, each containing a letter of the papal name monogram. The surrounding legend, separated from the central motif by a beaded inner border, reads SPEN with a cross pommée followed by SCS PETRVS, invoking Pope Stephen and Saint Peter as patron of Rome. The flan is irregular and slightly clipped at the edges, characteristic of hammered Carolingian-era papal coinage. The lettering is rendered in a bold, angular uncial style typical of 9th-century Roman mint production. Overall execution reflects the rustic but authoritative character of late Carolingian ecclesiastical issues. |
|---|---|
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| Obverse lettering | SPEN ✠ SCS PETRVS (Translation: Stephen. Saint Peter.) |
| Reverse description | Central field features an elaborate cross pattée or cross with expanded terminals, inscribed within a plain inner circle, with globular or pellet ornaments filling the quarters between the cross arms, consistent with Carolingian denier typology. The outer legend, separated by a beaded border, reads ROMA with a cross pommée followed by VVIDO IMP, identifying the mint city of Rome and the imperial co-authority of Emperor Guy (Guido) of Spoleto, crowned emperor in 891. The flan is irregular with characteristic hammered planchet distortion and edge fissures. The bold, deeply struck lettering is in an angular Latin uncial style. The design reflects the dual temporal and spiritual authority asserted by the Papal States during this brief imperial co-regency. |
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