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Denier - Rudolf
| Issuer | Hungary |
|---|---|
| Year | 1578 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Reverse description | Central design features a crowned, enthroned figure of the Madonna and Child (Patrona Hungariae), seated facing, with the Christ Child on her left arm, set within a beaded inner circle. The mint mark 'K-B' for Kremnica appears flanking the central device. The surrounding Latin legend identifies the subject as the Patroness of Hungary. The flan is irregular and slightly clipped, consistent with hammered silver small denomination coinage of the late sixteenth century. |
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| Mint | KB Kremnica, Slovakia(1328-date) |
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| Additional information |
Rudolf II's Hungarian deniers of this period were struck under the authority of the Kremnitz mint — one of the most productive silver operations in Habsburg-controlled Europe, fed directly by the ore wealth of the Carpathian mining towns. By 1578, Hungary existed as a fractured administrative entity: the Ottomans held the central plains, Transylvania operated as a semi-autonomous principality under Ottoman suzerainty, and Habsburg Hungary was a narrow western strip governed largely as a military frontier. These coins financed that frontier.
The .500 fineness reflects a deliberate reduction from earlier Hungarian denier standards, a cost-cutting measure the Habsburgs had been incrementally implementing since the mid-sixteenth century.