Denier Q. DOCI / SAM F

The Sequani occupied the territory around modern Besançon and were among the tribes that initially invited Caesar into Gaul — a miscalculation they spent the following decade paying for. This denier belongs to a coinage attributed to a magistrate whose abbreviated name, DOCI SAM F, has been read as a Gaulish filiation formula, meaning roughly "son of Docius." The practice of naming a minting authority on the coin itself reflects a degree of civic administrative structure that Roman commentators frequently underestimated in the peoples they were simultaneously conquering.