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Denier - Philippe Ier Étampes, porte T
| Issuer | Royal French Mint (Étampes) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1060-1108 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Technique | Hammered |
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| Obverse description | Central field occupied by a stylized monogram of the royal name within a beaded inner circle, rendered in the angular Carolingian-derived letterform characteristic of Capetian feudal coinage. The monogram, composed of interlaced letters forming the name PHILIPPVS, is flanked by decorative elements. A beaded inner circle separates the central device from the outer legend. The circumferential legend reads PHILIPVS REX D-I, identifying the issuer as Philip I, King by the Grace of God, struck in a bold, archaic Gothic script typical of late 11th-century French royal issues. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Central field displays a plain long cross pattee extending to the inner beaded circle, dividing the field into four quarters. The cross, characteristic of Capetian feudal deniers, bears a small letter T (porte T variety) at the base, serving as a die-cutter or workshop identifier. A beaded inner circle encloses the cross motif and separates it from the outer circumferential legend. The outer legend reads CASTELLVM STAMPIS, identifying the mint as the castellany of Étampes, a royal domain under Philip I. The overall style is consistent with hammered feudal coinage of the late 11th to early 12th century. |
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| Additional information |
Philippe I inherited Étampes as part of the royal demesne and used its mint actively throughout his reign — a reign marked more by political weakness than numismatic restraint. The porte T distinguishes this issue from related Étampes types and has been used by specialists to track the evolution of the workshop's output across the latter half of the eleventh century.
Philippe's long reign saw the Capetian monarchy at one of its lowest points of effective power, with barons routinely ignoring royal authority. That coins continued to be struck in his name at Étampes is itself a statement about the symbolic function of minting rights.