Denier - Pepin the Short Besancon mint

Obverse description	Within a beaded border, the field displays the bold monogrammatic legend 'Rx.F' — an abbreviation for Rex Francorum (King of the Franks) — rendered in large, irregular hammered characters. A horizontal bar surmounts the inscription, a characteristic feature of early Carolingian coinage. Two pellets appear in the field alongside the letters, serving as decorative separators. The lettering is crudely but forcefully struck, reflecting the hand-hammered technique typical of eighth-century Frankish mints.
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Obverse lettering	Rx.F (Translation: King of the Franks.)
Reverse description	Within a beaded border, the mint name of Besançon is presented in two lines of bold, irregular Latin capitals reading '+VE SON', surmounted by a horizontal bar. The cross preceding the legend is a standard pious prefix found on Carolingian deniers of this period. The characters are deeply and unevenly struck, consistent with hand-hammered production at a provincial Frankish mint. The layout fills the flan in a compact, two-line arrangement characteristic of Pepin the Short's monetary reform coinage.
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