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Denier - Louis I Saint Stephen abbey of Bourges

Issuer Abbey of Saint-Étienne de Bourges
Year 781-814
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Value 1 Denier (1⁄240)
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Reverse description The reverse bears the Carolingian royal monogram in the centre of the field, composed of interlaced letters forming the name of Louis I, surrounded by the legend S STEPHANVS (Saint Stephen) identifying the issuing abbey. A beaded border frames the design on this irregularly shaped flan, consistent with the hammered technique employed at Carolingian ecclesiastical mints during the late eighth and early ninth centuries.
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Mint Abbey of Saint-Étienne de Bourges
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Additional information

The Abbey of Saint-Étienne de Bourges held minting rights granted under Carolingian authority, placing this denier within the broader monetary reorganization Louis I inherited from Charlemagne's 794 Frankfurt reform — which standardized the denier at roughly 1.7g before successive debasements pulled weights down through the ninth century. The 1.29g here reflects that drift.

Depeyrot's Car#214 attribution anchors it, but the absence of Morrison and Prou numbers signals thin die documentation for this specific ecclesiastical emission.

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