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Denier - Louis I Rouen mint
| Issuer | Unified Carolingian Empire |
|---|---|
| Year | 818-823 |
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| Value | 1 Denier (1⁄240) |
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| Obverse description | Central plain cross with splayed terminals set within a beaded inner circle, all executed in relief on an irregular hammered flan. The imperial legend HLVDOVVICVS IMP, reading 'Emperor Louis,' is disposed in capital Latin characters around the circumference between the beaded circle and the outer toothed border. The lettering is characteristic of early ninth-century Carolingian die-cutting, with bold, slightly irregular forms. A small cross precedes the legend as an initial mark. The overall composition follows the standard Carolingian monogram-type denier format established under Louis the Pious. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
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| Reverse description | The mint name ROTOMAGVS, the Roman and Carolingian designation for Rouen, is inscribed in two horizontal lines across the open field: ROTV in the upper register and MAGVS in the lower, separated by a faint dividing line. The bold, deeply struck capital letters are enclosed within a plain field, with a beaded border running along the inner circumference and a toothed outer border framing the irregular flan. This two-line mint-name type is the standard reverse format employed at the Rouen workshop during the reign of Louis the Pious. The absence of any additional ornamental device focuses the design entirely on the place-name inscription. |
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