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Denier - Louis I Orleans mint
| Issuer | Unified Carolingian Empire |
|---|---|
| Year | 818-823 |
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| Currency | Pound (751-843) |
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| Obverse description | A plain cross occupies the center of the coin within a beaded inner circle, with a second cross visible at the top of the legend area serving as an initial mark. The surrounding circular legend reads HLVDOVVICVS IMP, identifying the issuer as Emperor Louis (the Pious). The bold, deeply struck Carolingian capital letters radiate outward from the beaded circle, filling the field to the coin's irregular edge. The overall design follows the standard Carolingian temple-and-cross type introduced under the monetary reform of 864, here in its earlier pre-reform iteration. The die work is robust and characteristic of early ninth-century Frankish hammered coinage. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse script | Latin |
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| Mintage | ND (818-823) |
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