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Denier - Louis I Arles mint
| Issuer | Unified Carolingian Empire |
|---|---|
| Year | 818-823 |
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| Orientation | Variable alignment ↺ |
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| Obverse description | A plain cross occupies the central field, enclosed within a beaded inner circle. The surrounding annular legend, rendered in bold Carolingian capitals, reads HLVDOVVICVS IMP, identifying the issuer as Emperor Louis. The lettering is separated from the inner circle by a narrow flat zone and is itself bordered by the irregular coin flan edge. The overall design follows the standard Carolingian denier format established under Louis the Pious, with the cross as the dominant motif and the imperial title as the sole decorative element of the obverse field. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | The mint name ARELATUM, the Latin toponym for Arles, is inscribed across the flat field in two horizontal lines of large, bold Carolingian capitals: AREL on the upper line and ATVM on the lower, separated by a central pellet divider. The letters are deeply struck and well-spaced, filling the available flan with commanding clarity. The field is otherwise bare, with no border or additional decorative elements, consistent with the reverse type of Carolingian imperial deniers attributing the coin to its place of production. |
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| Reverse lettering | AREL · ATVM (Translation: Arles.) |
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