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Denier in the name of Frederick I
| Issuer | Milan (Italian States) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1185-1230 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Reverse description | Inscription arranged in four horizontal lines across the field, reading the imperial and civic titles of Frederick I as Holy Roman Emperor and lord of Milan. The legend is divided into abbreviated segments and rendered in uncial Latin script, consistent with Milanese denari of the Hohenstaufen period. The flan edges are irregular and slightly clipped, as is typical of hammered issues of this type. |
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| Reverse lettering | AVG MED IOLA NIV (Translation: ... august. Milan.) |
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| Additional information |
Frederick Barbarossa granted Milan the right to strike coinage in his name following the Peace of Constance in 1183, which ended the prolonged conflict between the Emperor and the Lombard League — a conflict Milan had largely driven. The city had been razed by imperial forces in 1162 and rebuilt, and within two years of the peace settlement it was issuing silver in the name of the man who had destroyed it.
The broad date range reflects continued use of the imperial name well after Barbarossa's death by drowning in Cilicia in 1190, a practice that was politically convenient and technically permitted under the terms of successive imperial recognitions.