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Denier - Henry IV Duisburg mint, scepter
| Issuer | Holy Roman Empire |
|---|---|
| Year | 1056-1106 |
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| Currency | Denier (843-1385) |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Log in to see details |
| Reverse script | Latin |
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| Mint | Log in to see details |
| Mintage | ND (1056-1106) |
| Additional information |
Henry IV's long reign was defined less by stable administration than by the Investiture Controversy — his 1076 excommunication by Pope Gregory VII forced the humiliating barefoot penance at Canossa in 1077, an episode that permanently fractured imperial authority in the German territories. Coinage production became increasingly decentralized as a result, with regional mints operating under shifting loyalties throughout the civil wars against rival kings Rudolf of Rheinfelden and Hermann of Salm.
Duisburg held significance as a Rhine crossing point and imperial fiscal center. The Kluge Kar#169 attribution places this among a documented series, though die studies on Duisburg issues from this period remain incomplete relative to the Cologne and Trier material.