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Denier - Gregory IV and emperor Louis I
| Issuer | Papal States |
|---|---|
| Year | 827-840 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | 1 Denier |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Central field features an elaborate Carolingian monogram composed of interlaced letters, enclosed within a beaded inner circle. A small cross or croisette appears above the monogram as a control mark. The surrounding legend, separated from the central device by the beaded border, reads in Latin around the periphery of the irregularly struck flan. The overall design follows the Carolingian denier tradition adapted for papal coinage issued jointly in the name of Pope Gregory IV and Emperor Louis the Pious. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse script | Latin |
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| Additional information |
Gregory IV's pontificate coincided with the final, fractious decade of Louis the Pious's reign, during which Louis was twice deposed by his own sons — in 830 and again in 833, when Gregory himself traveled north of the Alps to mediate, only to be accused by Frankish bishops of complicity in the rebellion. The joint coinage naming both pope and emperor reflects the administrative fiction of Carolingian authority over Rome, a relationship already under severe strain before Louis died in 840.
The type survives in enough die varieties to suggest continuous production across the full period, consistent with the CNI's grouping of five distinct die pairings.