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Denier - Géza II

Issuer Hungary
Year 1141-1162
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Diameter 14.00 mm
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Obverse description Central pellet enclosed within a cross-shaped arrangement formed by four rimmed arms, each terminating in a small cross; four pellets and four crescents are distributed alternately in the surrounding field, producing a symmetrical, ornamental composition typical of 12th-century Hungarian hammered coinage.
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Edge Plain
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Additional information

Géza II's reign saw Hungary drawn into the wider dynastic struggles of the mid-twelfth century, with Byzantine pressure under Manuel I Komnenos a persistent threat along the southeastern frontier. The kingdom's silver coinage of this period reflects the broader debasement trend accelerating across Central European mints — these small deniers were struck from increasingly impure silver as military expenditure mounted. Géza also granted extensive privileges to Flemish and Walloon settlers during this period, a colonization effort that reshaped parts of Transylvania and required consistent, functioning coinage to sustain.