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Denier - Ferdinandus II with S
| Issuer | Aragon, Kingdom of |
|---|---|
| Year | 1479-1516 |
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| Shape | Round (irregular) |
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| Obverse lettering | F DI G RE (Translation: Ferdinand II King by the grace of God) |
| Reverse description | A bold patriarchal cross with two horizontal bars occupies the central field, its arms extending nearly to the inner beaded circle that frames the design. The cross is rendered in plain relief without additional ornamentation in the quarters. A beaded inner circle separates the central cross motif from the surrounding circular legend. The peripheral legend in uncial Latin reads ARAGONVM VALEN, abbreviating the territorial titles of Aragon and Valencia. The overall composition is typical of Aragonese medieval deniers, with the cross serving as both a religious and heraldic emblem of the Crown of Aragon. |
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| Additional information |
Ferdinand II's billon deniers are products of the administrative consolidation that followed his marriage to Isabella of Castile in 1469 and his accession to the Aragonese throne in 1479. The union of the crowns did not mean a unified coinage — Aragon retained its own monetary system, mints, and denominations throughout Ferdinand's reign, minting independently from Castilian issues until well after his death in 1516.
The "S" designator on Cru#1308 identifies the Saragossa (Zaragoza) mint, the principal Aragonese mint and the one most continuously active under Ferdinand.