Denier Bracteate - Mieszko III the Old Gniezno or Kalisz mint

Mieszko III ruled twice — expelled from Kraków in 1177 by a coalition of nobles and bishops, he spent decades clawing back territory before briefly reclaiming the senior throne. This bracteate belongs somewhere in that turbulent interval, struck at either Gniezno or Kalisz when his authority over Greater Poland was the one constant in an otherwise fractured political career. Bracteate production in Piast Poland at this period reflects a broader Central European shift toward single-sided thin-flan coinage, driven largely by the ease of re-minting — lords could call in issues and restrike them, skimming bullion in the process.

Kop#121 is a type with documented attribution uncertainty between the two mints, and that ambiguity has never been cleanly resolved.