Catalog
| Issuer | Kingdom of Poland |
|---|---|
| Year | 992-1006 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Reverse description | Central field displays a cross pattee with curved arms, adorned with small rings or pellets in each angle, all enclosed within a beaded inner circle, evoking Carolingian cross-type coinage widely imitated in early Piast Poland. The cross design is boldly engraved and fills the inner circle prominently. The surrounding circular legend, in retrograde or partially retrograde Latin characters, references a Christian invocation. The overall execution is characteristic of late 10th- to early 11th-century Central European hammered silver coinage. |
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| Reverse lettering | +XPИTIANA |
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| Additional information |
Bolesław I came to power in 992 following the death of his father Mieszko I, who had only converted Poland to Christianity in 966. The earliest Polish deniers issued under Bolesław are among the first indigenous coinage of the Polish state — minted not from any established monetary tradition but from the political necessity of projecting sovereignty in a kingdom newly integrated into Latin Christendom. The mint location for this type remains unresolved; Gniezno and Poznań are the candidates most frequently argued in the literature, without consensus.
Kopicki 8 is among the foundational references for early medieval Polish numismatics, though surviving specimens are rare enough that die studies remain incomplete.