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Denier - Bernard II Laibach
| Issuer | Duchy of Carinthia (Austrian States) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1210-1256 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | 0.92 g |
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| Obverse description | Frontal standing figure of Duke Bernard II in ducal regalia, depicted in a stiff Romanesque style typical of 13th-century Austrian deniers. The figure holds a cross-topped sceptre in the right hand and what appears to be a heraldic shield or banner in the left. The duke is shown with a nimbus or crown above the head, flanked by the divided legend in the field. The overall composition is set within a beaded or linear border. |
|---|---|
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| Obverse lettering | BERNA - RDV DVX (Translation: Duke Bernard.) |
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| Additional information |
Bernard II ruled Carinthia from 1202 until his death in 1256, one of the longest reigns among the Spanheim dynasty's tenure in the duchy. His coinage period spans the height of ministerial reform in the Alpine duchies, when local lords increasingly asserted independent minting rights against both imperial and ecclesiastical pressure. The Laibach issues — struck at what is now Ljubljana — reflect that assertion directly, produced for a market town the duke had actively developed as a commercial hub in Carnia and Krain.