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Denier - Bernard II Laibach
| Issuer | Duchy of Carinthia (Austrian States) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1210-1256 |
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| Currency | Pfennig (800-1500) |
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|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Hammered silver denier featuring a stylized crowned gateway or city gate motif in the center, likely representing the town of Laibach (modern Ljubljana), set within a beaded inner circle. The architectural device displays a crenellated tower or gate with arched openings beneath, rendered in the flat, linear style characteristic of 13th-century Central European bracteate-influenced coinage. A circular Latin legend surrounds the central motif reading +LEIBACENSESDE, identifying the mint city of Laibach. The irregular flan and variable strike are consistent with hammered medieval coinage of the Duchy of Carinthia. |
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| Reverse lettering | +LEIBACENSESDE (Translation: Laibach.) |
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| Additional information |
Bernard II ruled Carinthia from 1202 until his death in 1256, navigating the increasingly fractious politics of the Babenberg-era Holy Roman Empire. His coinage was struck at Laibach — now Ljubljana, capital of modern Slovenia — which served as a significant administrative and commercial node within the duchy. The Laibach mint operated under ducal authority at a time when regional lords were actively consolidating minting rights against imperial encroachment.
CNA Cm1 is the foundational type of his Laibach output, preceding later die developments in the series.