Denier anonymous

Issuer Saint-Aignan, Lordship of
Year 1000-1100
Type Standard circulation coin
Value 1 Denier (1⁄240)
Currency Livre
Composition Billon
Weight 1.14 g
Diameter 20 mm
Thickness
Shape Round (irregular)
Technique Hammered
Orientation Variable alignment ↺
Engraver(s)
In circulation to
Reference(s) Dy féodales#607, PA#2051, Boudeau#321 var.
Obverse description Head `bléso-chartraine` to the right, a crosslet above four pellets in front of the nose.
Obverse script
Obverse lettering
Reverse description Cross with pellets in quarters.
Reverse script Latin (uncial)
Reverse lettering ✠ SΛNCTI ΛNIΛNO
(Translation: Saint-Aignan.)
Edge
Mint
Mintage ND (1000-1100) - -
Numisquare ID 1880828490
Additional information

Historical Context:This anonymous denier, issued by the Lordship of Saint-Aignan between 1000 and 1100, is a crucial numismatic artifact from the early French feudal period. During this era, central Capetian authority waned, and powerful local lords increasingly usurped regalian rights, including the prerogative to mint coinage. Saint-Aignan, a significant lordship in the historical Berry region, asserted its economic and political autonomy. The anonymous nature reflects either a continuation of earlier royal types or a deliberate choice by the lord, serving as essential local currency.

Artistry:Typical of early medieval coinage, this denier’s artistry is functional. The engraver remains unknown, and the stylistic school aligns with rudimentary, localized traditions of the 11th century. Designs for anonymous deniers of this period commonly feature a prominent cross, often a cross pattée, on one side, symbolizing Christian authority. The reverse might display a simplified monogram, an abstract device, or a stylized architectural element. The aesthetic prioritizes clear legibility of core symbols over intricate detail, reflecting the practical needs of local commerce.

Technical/Grading:Struck in billon, weighing 1.14 grams and measuring 20 millimeters, this denier exhibits characteristics common to early hammer-struck coinage. High-points of the design, such as the cross arms or central monogram elements, would typically show the most wear. Technical strike qualities often include planchet irregularities, off-center strikes, and variable pressure, leading to areas of weakness. The billon alloy, a low-silver mixture, was prone to corrosion and wear, impacting surface preservation. Grading assesses design clarity, strike consistency, and overall metal integrity.

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