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Denarius - Trajan S P Q R OPTIMO PRINCIPI, Mars and Victory

Issuer Roman Imperial Mint
Year 103-111
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Orientation Coin alignment ↑↓
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Obverse description Laureate bust of Emperor Trajan facing right, draped and cuirassed, with finely rendered hair curling across the forehead in the characteristic Trajanic style. The imperial effigy is rendered with strong, naturalistic portraiture typical of the high Imperial period. The encircling legend reads IMP TRAIANO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS V P P, distributed around the full circumference of the flan. The bust truncation is visible at the lower edge, and the overall style reflects the accomplished die-cutting of the Rome Mint workshops under Trajan.
Obverse script Latin
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Reverse description Mars advancing right in military attire, depicted helmeted and fully armed, carrying a spear in his right hand and a trophy over his left shoulder, rendered in a dynamic striding pose. The figure stands on a low ground line, conveying martial vigor and Roman military supremacy. According to RIC II 155, this reverse type pairs Mars with Victory, reflecting Trajan's Dacian conquests. The encircling legend S P Q R OPTIMO PRINCIPI is distributed around the periphery of the flan, expressing the Senate and Roman people's dedication to Trajan as the finest of emperors. The reverse field is plain, focusing attention entirely on the central military allegory.
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