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Denarius - The Bellum Sociale Corfinium
| Issuer | Roman Republic (509 BC - 27 BC) |
|---|---|
| Year | 89 BC |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Mint | Corfinium (Italic confederate mint) |
| Mintage | ND (-89) |
| Additional information |
Struck by the Italian rebels during the Social War — Rome's most existential internal conflict before the civil wars of the late Republic — this denarius was issued at Corfinium, the rebel capital the Italians briefly renamed "Italica" in a direct challenge to Roman supremacy. The Social War (91–87 BC) began when Rome's Italian allies, after generations of military service without citizenship, took up arms to force the issue. They came dangerously close to winning outright.
The rebel mint at Corfinium operated for a compressed window before Roman forces under Sulla and Pompeius Strabo pushed back decisively. Rome ultimately granted citizenship through the lex Julia and lex Plautia Papiria — concessions that effectively ended the war politically before it ended militarily.